Construire en terre crue _Pisé préfabriqué

Construire en terre crue — Pisé préfabriqué

Développée par l’entreprise de construction autrichienne Lehm Ton Erde et son fondateur Martin Rauch, cette méthode de préfabrication de murs en pisé révolutionne la construction en terre crue. Du mélange des terres à l’assemblage des murs, amàco vous livre dans cette vidéo tous les secrets de fabrication des murs en terre compactée (pisé) du centre ornithologique de Sempach en Suisse, conçu par l’agence d’architecture :mlzd.

Ce bâtiment, qui se fond dans un paysage naturel préservé, est constitué de murs en pisé de 35 à 45 cm d’épaisseur sur une surface de 1240 m2. Non stabilisée, la terre à pisé des murs est extraite dans un rayon de 3 à 6 km du lieu de préfabrication. Elle est disposée dans un coffrage de 50 m de longueur puis compactée par un pisoir mécanisé. 

Les murs décoffrés sont ensuite découpés par une machine spécialement développée par Lehm Ton Erde. Les éléments coupés sont stockés pendant 3 à 4 semaines pour sécher avant d’être assemblés sur le chantier. Un mortier de terre vient finaliser l’assemblage des murs pour un rendu lisse et esthétique. 

Ce film fait partie d’une série intitulée « Construire en terre crue » produite par amàco et Les Films du Lierre. 

Licence Creative Commons : BY + NC + ND 

Co-production : amàco, les films du lierre 

Maîtrise d’ouvrage - Vogelwarte Architecture - mlzd

Entreprise de construction - Lehm Ton Erde

Construire en terre crue — Terre coulée (béton d’argile)

 

Construire en terre crue — Terre coulée (béton d’argile) 

La terre coulée est une technique de construction en terre crue innovante. Savant mélange de granulats, d’eau et d’argile, la terre coulée, également appelée béton d’argile, est mise en oeuvre comme l’est conventionnellement un béton de ciment. Cette innovation technique et écologique a été choisie par l’agence d’architecture Mil Lieux pour la construction de la maison des associations l’Arche de la ville de Manom (Moselle, France). Issu d’un programme de recherche nommé «béton d’argile environnemental» (http://bit.ly/2pIQm9A​), le matériau formulé rassemble des graviers, du sable, des fines argilo-calcaires, de l’eau et environ 3% de ciment qui accélére le séchage des murs et donc le décoffrage. La terre utilisée (fines argilo-calcaires) est en réalité un déchet industriel de carrière qui a été valorisé sur ce chantier. Ainsi, en plus de se positionner comme une solution d’avenir sur le marché du bâtiment, la terre coulée est une technique facilement reproductible par les entreprises de maçonnerie traditionnelle.

Rapidement autonome, l’entreprise de construction Wig France a bénéficié d’une courte formation en amont du chantier avec le bureau d’études BEterre, afin de tester des murs prototypes et d’appréhender les subtilités qui distinguent la terre coulée du béton conventionnel. 

Avec un rendu esthétique évident, un bilan énergétique plus respectueux de l’environnement que son cousin le béton de ciment et une mise oeuvre simple et rapide, la terre coulée offre de belles perspectives à l’architecture contemporaine en terre crue. 

Ce film fait partie d’une série intitulée « Construire en terre crue » produite par amàco et Les Films du Lierre. 

Licence Creative Commons : BY + NC + ND 

Co-production : amàco, les films du lierre Maîtrise d’ouvrage - Mairie de Manom 

Architecture - Mil Lieux 

Entreprise de construction - Wig France

Exemplo_Macha Village Center_China

Text description from the architects.

Construction with earthen materials, as one of the oldest traditional technology, was widely employed all over China during the past thousands of years. According to the latest statistics, at least 60 million people in China are still living in various traditional rammed-earth dwellings, most of which are located in poor and rural regions. 

In recent decades, due to the fact that the earth-based technology is usually regarded as a “dangerous” tech and a symbol of “poverty” by dwellers and governments, an increasing number of rammed-earth dwellings have been abandoned and replaced by conventional constructions with concrete and fired-bricks. However, limited by the low level of economy, technology and education conditions, most of renewed concrete-brick-based dwellings have even worse performances in comfortability, anti-seismic capacity and sustainability.

Macha Village locates in Huining County, Gansu Province. Macha Village locates in the dry ravine area on the loess plateau. The village is in extreme lack of water resources in the using of drinking water. The local dwellings mostly use earth as the primary material. The basic method of building architecture is using brick masonry, traditional rammed earth, cob, and wooden structure.

The activity center locates on a set-back hillside with a slop around 20 degrees. The hillside faces east and the valley with a good sight view and beautiful landscape. The space is divided into an open yard for assembly and theater, and four independent earth houses: multifunctional room(fulfill the need of training, exhibition, reading, and meeting), shop, clinic and child-care center(with a small kitchen).

As the method of special organization, we borrow the conventional yard form in local traditions and try to incorporated the set-back situation of foundation to create a triple house courtyard. The triple house courtyard is enclosed by four different height of earth houses and faces the eastern valley. All the building material and earth are took from the local area; the process of taking material and earth is also a modification of the local area. We hope these earth houses are able to blend in the local landscape naturally just like they grow from the local earth.

The 0.5-meter-thick rammed-earth wall works well as thermal mass to effectively balance indoor temperature and humidity. Due to its enhanced waterproofing performance, it is not necessary to make plastering on the earth wall surface, so that the special texture of rammed-earth can be felt and touched, and can express its natural language.The local tradition of rainwater collection got inherited and further promoted with a roof-ground-based system. The valley wind resource is utilized with a wind turbine system, and can cover the daily demands for electricity. 

This project has special construction organization: there is no professional constructors; around ten local villagers are the center of the whole construction. They are not only the builders of the center but also the users. Additionally, with the support of Wu Zhi Qiao Charitable Foundation, about a hundred of volunteers from mainland, Hong Kong and overseas joined the process of construction. The finish of activity center is an successful achievement for both volunteers and local builders.

Local villagers have natural recognition of cultural identity to the earth house because they have been lived in the earth house for thousands of years. However, this recognition of cultural identity is weaker and weaker because of the modernization as the time goes. Now, we are happy to see this recognition is back.

The Macha Village Center, designed by One Earth Architecture borrows the conventional yard form and local building traditions of the region to create a courtyard that is enclosed by four different height of earth buildings that faces the eastern valley. Al building materials and earth are taken from the local area to blend in the local landscape in a natural way.

More information @ Archdaily

3DPAST - Living and virtual visiting European World Heritage

We are very happy to inform that the project 3DPAST - Living and virtual visiting European World Heritage was just concluded, and can be visited at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/

The project was coordinated by Escola Superior Gallaecia (esGALLAECIA), as project leader, University of Florence (UNIFI) and University Politecnica de València (UPV), as partners. It was developed in the framework of CREATIVE EUROPE Programme, with co-funding from the European Union (2016-2020).

3DPAST project received international support from:

ICOMOS International, ICOMOS-CIAV, ICOMOS-ISCEAH, ICOMOS-CIPA, & UNESCO-Chair of Earthen Architecture, Building Cultures and Sustainable Development.

The main idea for the project was to research and value vernacular heritage in World Heritage sites. The key-aim was to enhance this outstanding heritage, through architectural and historical research in a digital and multimedia way, crossing it with a creative component, to reach new audiences.

The project outputs were:

. 3DPAST Book:

"From Vernacular to World Heritage” (a publication with 250 pages in English) for free download at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/publications

. 3DPAST Booklet:

"Guidelines and strategies for maintenance of vernacular architecture in World Heritage sites” (100 pages in 5 languages), for free download at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/3d-past-booklet

. 3DPAST App:

Already available at App Store, very soon at Google Play Store, at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/3dpast-app

. 3DPAST Videos:

Introducing the outputs of the project, at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/videos

. 3DPAST Digital Drawings:

Digital art form the creative component of the project, at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/digital-drawings

. 3DPAST International Conference HERITAGE 2020:

Papers, proceedings and videos of the international conference, at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/pienza.html

. 3DPAST PLATFORM:

You can also visit the project’s platform with deeper research on the selected World Heritage sites, crossed with 3D Models and virtual reality.

Available at: https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/

Further information about vernacular architecture in the 8 researched World Heritage sites, can be accessed at:

Upper Svaneti, GEORGIA:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/svaneti.html

Pienza, ITALY:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/pienza.html

Cuenca, SPAIN:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/cuenca.html

Transylvania, ROMANIA:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/transylvania.html

Old Rauma, FINLAND:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/old-rauma.html

Gjirokastra & Berat, ALBANIA:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/gjirokastra-berat.html

Chorá, GREECE

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/chora.html

Pico, PORTUGAL:

https://esg.pt/3dpast/platform/pico.html

Feel free to disseminate.

We hope you enjoy!

Mariana Correia & Gilberto Carlos,

Escola Superior Gallaecia, Portugal

Saverio Mecca & Letizia Dipasquale,

Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy

Camilla Mileto & Fernando Vegas,

University Politecnica de València, Spain

FORMAÇÃO ARQCOOP - Arquitecturas de Terra

FORMAÇÃO ARQCOOP - Arquitecturas de Terra ULTIMAS INSCRIÇÕES!!
24.04.2021

Participe nesta formação, saiba mais sobre a construção com terra crua em Portugal e adquira os conhecimentos necessários à implementação em projecto e obra das diversas tecnologias tradicionais e modernas relacionadas com o tabique, o adobe e a taipa!!!

– Especificidade, diversidade e universalidade da construção com terra.
– Sustentabilidade.
– Práticas construtivas.
– Gestão de recursos.
– Técnicas construtivas com terra crua.
– Identificação, análise e ensaios de solos para construção.
– Construção de modelos protótipos em taipa.

24 e 25 de Abril
Sábado e Domingo, das 10h00 às 18h30
14 horas

Programa | Ficha de Inscrição

Foto Obra de JBernardino em Aljezur

Alnatura Campus_Alemanha

© Photo Lehm Ton Erde

Rammed Earth construction site
Alnatura Campus 2015-2019_Darmstadt_Alemanha

10 Exemplos de Construção com Terra na Bretagne_França

Armazém em bauge / cob no centro histórico de St Sulpice la Forêt


Casa de artesão em bauge/ cob em Gevezé

Detalhe de janela_Casa em bauge / cob em Gevezé

Restauro de construção em terra em Mont Dol

Detalhe de janela em construção restaurada em bauge / cob

Detalhe de textura de bauge / cob contemporâneo em Rennes

Detalhe de textura de taipa / pisé

Construção vernacular / agrícola en bauge / cob em Melesse


Ampliação de habitação em bauge / cob em Dingé


Bauge contemporâneo / cob em Rennes


Loteamento HLM em taipa em Romillé


Quinta em bauge / cob em Saint Grégoire

Quinta restaurada em Romillé

Casa de Artesão em Gevezé

Ver o artigo original aqui
Todos os direitos autoriais ©Amélie Le Paih www.atelier-alp.bzh

Exemplos de Construção em terra na Escandinávia

Exemplos de Construção em terra na Escandinávia

Tinhamos preparado há já algum tempo um post para o blog com informação sobre exemplos de construção em terra na região da Escandinávia, onde sim chove muito, faz frio, com temperaturas negativas e neva com regularidade, que apontamos em seguida, falando por paises:

_Na Suécia:

Em termos de Investigação há como prinicipal referência o Byggnadsvård Nääs – Nääs Building Conservation Centre

Projectistas e construtores:
- A Arq. Eva-Rut Lindberg do Royal Institute of Technology da Suécia
- O Arq. Lars Palmgren
- A Arq.Jenny Andersson
- O Arq. Restaurador Lars-Ingvar Larsson;
- Os construtores Hans Bulthuis; o Johannes Riesterer da Svenska Jordhus (Swedish Clay Builder), e Ulf Henningsson.

Existem diversos sítios históricos com construção em terra na Suécia:
Um edifício de apoio turístico no castelo Hjuleberg, em Halland, construído em 1921 é em taipa, bem como a Villa Terra’, construída em Jordhuset e a Gisselson house ambas construídas em 1920.
Existem também diversas "cottages" em taipa em Norland e em Kvicksund; um edifício em taipa em Sallerup e outro em Falkenberg, e também em taipa os Correios de Upland, em Malmo conhece-se um edifício municipal e uma quinta rural pedagógica num dos parques urbanos da cidade; e ainda:
-Uma escultura pública em Lund pelo construtor Hans Bulthuis;
-Um Earthship (eco-village) construído em Skattungbyn por Jonas Erlandsson;
-Uma capela Baptista em Oppmanna(sjö), Arkelstorp, Skåne;
-Uma Igreja cristã em Järna pelo Arq. Walter Drumt.


_Na Finlândia:
Instituições:
- Investigação: Education and research: Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), Research Unit for Nature-based Construction (LRT);
- Investigação: Department of Monuments and Sites, National Board of Antiquities;
- Associação: Rural Development Association Ravakka
- Empresa: The Natural Building Company

Projectistas e construtores:
- Ann-Marie Braxén-Frommer, Clay association
- Jenni Reuter, Arquitecta
- Kasper Järnefelt, Arquitecto
- Kirsti Kovanen, ICOMOS
- Markku Matila Arquitecto
- Seija Linnamäki, Conservadora
- Teuvo Ranki, Arquitecto
- Tiili Oy Seppälän, Produtor

Sítios históricos e modernos em terra crua
- Raisio, construído em 1997, o primeiro edifício em terra numa feira finlandesa (loadbearing construction with infill of clay-straw bricks, inside clayplastered, outside limeplaster).
- Um estábulo em Mynämäki, Korvensuu, condtruído in 1915
- Um edifício de habitação com tecnologias de terra crua em Harviala e outro em Pori;
- Um estábulo e edifício de apoio rural em terra, em Janakkala;
- Um Hostel em Strömfors, Krouvinmäen majatalo;
- Um edifício em taipa em Humppila e outro em Kotka.


_Na Dinamarca:
Instituições:
- OKO-NET – Network for Ecological Education and Practice (Info: eco-net@eco-net.dk
- DIB – Danish International Settlement Services (architects and engineers) Info: dib@dib.dk
- Associação: LOB – Landsforeningen for Okologiskt Byggeri - National Association for Ecological Construction info: lob@lob.dk
- Associação: Landsforeningen for Bygnings- og Landskabskultur - The Danish National

- Association for Built Heritage and Landscape Info: mail@byogland.dk
- Associação : AIH - Co-operative Community of Hjortshøj

Projectistas e construtores:
- Builder Bjarne Grube Wickstrøm - Øko-Byg - Ecobuilding (Cob)
- EgenVinding & Datter - Ecobuilding construction company
- Arquitecto Flemming Abrahamsson – Fornyet Energi Design
- Arquitecto Forn Yet Flemmio
- Arquitecto Hans H. Christensen
- Arquitecto Claus Jørgensen
- Designer Jo Morandi – Small Planet / Living Houses Company Rønde
- Designer Karen Abrahamsson – Fornyet Energi Design
- Construtor Lars Keller – Small Planet / Living Houses Company - Rønde
- Produtor Per Sorensen – Unfired Clay Brickworks
- Construtor Pierre Laceulle, earth builder
- Arquitecto Sirous Khosrai
- Arquitecto Soren Sondergaard, Kopenhagen (Sjaelland island)
- Construtor Steen Moller - Friland Community Founder – Rønde
- Arquitecto Steen Ostergaad
- Produtor Willem Oskam - Oskam C.E.B.M.

Sítios históricos e modernos em terra crua
- Uma ‘cottage’ em taipa em Odense. Financiada pelo Estado como um edifício demonstrativo de tecnologias sustentáveis.
- A Torup Ecological Village – próximo de Hundested (50 km NW de Copenhaga).
- A Dyssekilde Ecovillage – próximo de Hundested (50 km NW de Copenhagea). Flemming Abrahamsen (ecological architect) - cob houses - Dyssekilde ecovillage demonstrates many of his designs.
- A Hjortshoj Eco-village, próximo de Arhus



Igreja Cristã em Järna


Museu Dejbjerg Jernalder em Skjern

Edifício em Steninge

Exemplo_Guesthouse Xiangshan Campus Hangzhou_Amateur Architecture Studio

Guesthouse Xiangshan Campus Hangzhou by Amateur Architecture Studio

© Photo: Iwan Baan from here

Exemplo_ALNATURA Headquarters_Darmstadt_Germany

Prefabricated rammed earth blocks with integrated heating/cooling pipes assembled on site at the new ALNATURA Headquarters in Darmstadt, Germany (construction by Martin Rauch – Lehm Ton Erde Baukunst GmbH). 

Photo: S. Jörchel 

Regulamentação internacional sobre Construção em terra

Principais Normas e Recomendações internacionais para a Construção em Terra, incluindo aspetos construtivos de estabilidade estrutural, de sismicidade, de Térmica e de caracterização e durabilidade do material: 

- Austrália Australian Earth Building Handbook 2002 (HB 195) Link 

- New Zealand Earthen Building Standard : Link

NZS: Engineering design of earth buildings. NZS 4297:1998. Wellington: Standards New Zealand,

1998.

NZS: Materials and workmanship for earth buildings. NZS 4298:1998. Wellington: Standards New

Zealand, 1998.

NZS: Earth buildings not requiring specific design. NZS 4299:1999. Wellington: Standards New

Zealand, 1999.

- Zimbabwe SAZ: Standard Code of Practice for Rammed Earth Structures. SAZS 724:2001. Standards Association of Zimbawbe, Harare, 2001.

- Quénia Norma KS 02-1070 KEBS: Specifications for stabilized soil blocks. KS02-1070:1993 (1999) Nairobi: Kenya Bureau of Standards, 1999.

- Nigéria norma SON: Standard for stabilized earth bricks. NIS 369:1997. Lagos: Standards Organisation of Nigeria, 1997.

- Para a região de África, em 1998 foram emitidas 14 normas sobre BTC pela Organização Regional de Normativas Africana (ARSO), publicadas numa série tecnológica do CDI/CRATerre.

ARSO: Compressed earth blocks, Standard for terminology. African Regional Standard 670: 1996

Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks, Definition, classification and designation of compressed earth

blocks. African Regional Standard 671: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks, Definition, classification and designation of earth mortars. African

Regional Standard 672: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Definition, classification and designation of compressed earth

blocks masonry. African Regional Standard 673:1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Technical specifications for ordinary compressed earth blocks.

African Regional Standard 674: 1996Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for facing compressed earth blocks. African

Regional Standard 675: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for ordinary earth mortars.African Regional

Standard 676: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for facing earth mortars. ARS 677: 1996

Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for ordinary compressed earth block masonry.

ARS 678: 1996 Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for ordinary compressed

earth block masonry. Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks-Technical specifications for facing compressed earth block masonry.

ARS 679: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Code of practice for the production of compressed earth blocks.

ARS 680: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Code of practice for the preparation of earth mortars. ARS

681: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Code of practice for the assembly of compressed earth block

masonry. ARS 682: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

ARSO: Compressed Earth Blocks. Standard for classification of material identification tests and mechanical tests. ARS 683: 1996 Nairobi, 1996.

- Tunísia normas NT publicadas em 1996 pelo organismo normativo da Tunísia, INNORPI.

INNORPI: Blocs de terre comprimée ordinaires – Spécifications techniques. NT 21.33:1996. Tunisian

Standards, 1998.

INNORPI: Blocs de terre comprimée - Définition, classification et désignation. NT 21.35:1996. Tunisian Standards, 1998.

- Turquia

TSE: Cement Treated Adobe Bricks. TS 537. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, 1985.

TSE: Adobe Blocks and Production Methods. TS 2514. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, 1997.

TSE: Adobe Buildings and Construction Methods. TS 2515. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, 1985.

- Índia Indian Earthen Building Standards Link 

O BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) publicou as normas

BIS: Code of practice for in-situ construction of walls, in building soil-cement. IS 2110 Bureau of

Indian Standards, 1980, revista em 2007,.

BIS: Specification for soil based blocks used in general building construction. IS 1725 Bureau of

Indian Standards, 1982.

BIS: Improving earthquake resistance of earthen buildings – Guidelines. IS 13827. Bureau of Indian

Standards, 1993.

- Sri Lanka 

SLSI: Specification for compressed stabilized earth blocks. Part 1: Requirements SLS 1382-1. Sri Lanka Standards Institution, 2009.

SLSI: Specification for compressed stabilized earth blocks. Part 2: Test Methods. SLS 1382-2. Sri

Lanka Standards Institution, 2009.

SLSI: Specification for compressed stabilized earth blocks. Part 3: Guidelines on production, design

and construction. SLS 1382-3. Sri Lanka Standards Institution, 2009.

- Espanha Norma - UNE 41410:2008 AENOR: Bloques de tierra comprimida para muros y tabiques. Definiciones, especificaciones y métodos de ensayo. UNE 41410, Madrid, 2008.

Em finais de 2008 é desenvolvida a primera norma espanhola de construção em terra, e a primeira norma europeia 'não experimental' para blocos de terra comprimida, emitida pelo subcomité AEN/CTN 41 SC 10 “Edificación con tierra cruda” da AENOR.

- Alemanha German Earthen Building Standards Link, mais informação aqui

Lehmbau Regeln 1999.

E DIN 18942-1:2018-04 Earthen materials – Part 1: Vocabulary 

E DIN 18942-100:2018-04 Earthen materials – Part 100: Conformity assessment 

E DIN 18945:2018-04 Earth blocks – Terms and definitions, requirements, test methods 

E DIN 18946:2018-04 Earth masonry mortar – Requirements and test methods 

E DIN 18947:2018-04 Earth plasters – Requirements and test methods 

E DIN 18948:2018-04 Earthen boards – Requirements and test methods 

- França Norma experimental XP P13-901,2001 por AFNOR: Compressed earth blocks for walls and partitions: definitions - Specifications - Test methods - Delivery acceptance conditions. XP P13-901, Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex, 2001. Link

- Itália 

_Legge 24 Diciembre 2003, n. 378: “Disposizioni per la tutela e la valorizzazione dell’architettura rurale”. Gazzetta Ufficiale, nº 13 (2004).

_Regione Piemonte L.R. 2/06: “Norme per la valorizzazione delle costruzioni in terra cruda”.

B.U.R. Piemonte, nº 3 (2006).

- Novo México, EUA 

_CID: New Mexico Earthen Buildings Materials Code. NMAC 14.7.4. 2003. Construction Industries

Division CID of the regulation and Licensing Departament, Santa Fe, 2004.

_ASTM International: Standard Guide for Design of Earthen Wall Building Systems. E2392 M-10.

Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States, 2010.

- Peru Norma Técnica de Edificación - Codigo Peruano E-080 de 2000 Link, mais informação aqui

SENCICO: Adobe. NTE E 0.80. Reglamento Nacional de Construcciones, Lima, 2000.

Actualmente a norma peruana encontra-se ampliada com as normas NTP, emitidas pelo sistema Peruano de Normalización INDECOPI.

INDECOPI: Elementos de suelo sin cocer: adobe estabilizado con asfalto para muros: Requisitos.

NTP 331.201. nstituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad

Intelectual, Lima, 1978.

INDECOPI: Elementos de suelos sin cocer: adobe estabilizado con asfalto para muros: Métodos de

ensayo. NTP 331.202. Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la

Propiedad Intelectual, Lima, 1978.

INDECOPI: Elementos de suelos sin cocer: adobe estabilizado con asfalto para muros: Muestra y

recepción. NTP 331.203. Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la

Propiedad Intelectual, Lima, 1978.

- Colômbia Norma NTC 5324, emitida por ICONTEC: Bloques de suelo cemento para muros y divisiones. Definiciones. Especificaciones. Métodos de ensayo. Condiciones de entrega. NTC 5324. Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación, 2004.

- Brasil pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) 

ABNT: Tijolo maciço de solo-cimento. NBR 8491 EB1481. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas,

Rio de Janeiro, 1984.

ABNT: Tijolo maciço de solo-cimento - Determinação da resistência à compressão e da absorção

d’água. NBR 8492 MB1960. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1984.

ABNT: Fabricação de tijolo maciço de solo-cimento com a utilização de prensa manual. NBR10832

NB1221. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1989.

ABNT: Fabricação de tijolo maciço e bloco vazado de solo-cimento com utilização de prensa hidráulica.

NBR 10833 NB1222. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1989.

ABNT: Bloco vazado de solo-cimento sem função strutural. NBR 10834 EB1969. Río de Janeiro:

Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. 1994.

ABNT: Bloco vazado de solo-cimento sem função estrutural - Forma e dimensões. NBR 10835

PB1391. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1994.

ABNT: Bloco vazado de solo-cimento sem função estrutural - Determinação da resistência à compressão e da absorção de agua. NBR 10836 MB3072. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas,

Río de Janeiro, 1994.

ABNT: Solo-cimento - Ensaio de compactação. NBR 12023 MB3359. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1992.

ABNT: Solo-cimento - Moldagem e cura de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos. NBR 12024 MB3360. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1992.

ABNT: Solo-cimento - Ensaio de compressão simples de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos. NBR 12025

MB3361. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1990.

ABNT: Solo-cimento - Ensaio de durabilidade por molhagem e secagem. NBR 13554. Associação

Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1996.

ABNT: Solo-cimento - Determinação da absorção d’água. NBR 13555. Associação Brasileira de

Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1996.

ABNT: Materiais para emprego em parede monolítica de solo-cimento sem função estrutural. NBR

13553. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Río de Janeiro, 1996.

Curva Granulométrica da Taipa_Guillaud e Houben

GUILLAUD, H.; HOUBEN, H. (1995) – Traité de construction en terre. Marseille: Parenthèses.

Cátedra UNESCO de Arquitectura de tierra, culturas constructivas y desarrollo sostenible_Junho 2020

La Cátedra UNESCO de Arquitectura de tierra, culturas constructivas y desarrollo sostenible (por Fernando Vegas y Camilla Mileto) continuara con las conferencias programadas a pesar de las circunstancias actuales. Durante la actual situación de emergencia sanitaria mundial, las conferencias seguirán siendo realizadas telemáticamente y publicadas en su canal de Youtube.

El título de la próxima conferencia es "La construcción de la arquitectura del vino en la comarca Utiel-Requena: el caso de Cuadete de las Fuentes" y correrá a cargo de Raquel Giménez Ibáñez. Ya está disponible en el canal de Youtube, puedes verla aquí.

Grupo de Investigación

Res-Arquitectura - Investigación, Restauración y Difusión del Patrimonio Arquitectónico

Universitat Politècnica de València

Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 - Valencia - Spain 

Building 8B, Access L, Floor 0

Ph: +34 963877971

E-mail: vegas.mileto@upv.es

Website: http://resarquitectura.blogs.upv.es/

Open Access Journal "Loggia - Arquitectura & Restauración"

website: polipapers.upv.es/index.php/loggia

Terres Crues Australes_Film

Terres Crues Australes_
Deux Architectes français parcourent l'Australie, à la recherche de bâtiments en terre crue.
Two french architects travel in Australia, looking for earth buildings.

https://vimeo.com/119851466

15º SIACOT_Equador_Novembro 2015

15º SIACOT

Seminario Iberoamericano de Arquitectura Y Construcción con Tierra.

9-13 Nov. 2015

Cuenca, Equador

http://arquitectura.ucuenca.edu.ec/siacot/

Earth Building UK_June 2015

Earth Building UK event for June 2015.

The event is substantially enlarged from previous years and include a week long schedule of workshops, culminating in the EBUK conference. 

You can also find LOTS more information on the EBUK website:

http://www.ebuk.uk.com/ 

Please find information on week-long festival of earth building to be held in Scotland in June. The events include practical workshops, a conference, building tours, as well as other events, all vested in a small community setting.

More information can be found at http://www.ebuk.uk.com/ebuk-2015-clayfest/

Bookings can be made at http://conservation.historic-scotland.gov.uk/clayfest

Of particular interest to you may be a symposium of turf building where we are keen to find a wide range of contributors on archaeology, ethnography, reconstruction, training and new build. We are inviting proposals for short presentations to the symposium, which should have an interesting and engaged audience.

Forward this information to anyone you know who may also be interested!

Shibam_Yemen

Shibam_Yemen

Deep in the middle of Yemen lays an iconic city  that pioneered the concept of skyscrapers.
Shibam, a city of about 7,000 people, was founded sometime around the 3rd century AD.
The town, in Hadramaut Governorate in the Wadi Hadramaut, Seiyun Distric, was built in its unique way to help protect residents from regional Bedouin attacks. Enormous clay walls were built around the city and residences were built upward rather than outward. Shibam is often referred to as “the oldest skyscraper city in the world,” and is one of the oldest examples of vertical urban planning.

When the city was constructed, the residents lacked the construction materials and techniques we have today. Instead they built with mud and clay, which gives the town the unique distinction as having the tallest mud buildings in the world – the tallest of which are over one hundred feet tall. To protect the buildings from rain and erosion, the exterior walls are thickly coated and must be anually maintained.

Most of the structures you see today in Shibam date from about the 16th century. Many have been rebuilt numerous times. There are about 500 structures in town called “tower houses,” apartment buildings that rise 5 to 11 stories tall.

The regional political instability combined with Shibam being in a somewhat remote location both conspire to keep it from becoming a more popular tourist destination.

"The old walled city of Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut constitute an outstanding example of human settlement and land use. The domestic architecture of Shibam is an outstanding characteristic example of houses in the Arab and Muslim world.

The city is built on a hillock, which has allowed it to escape the devastating floods of Wadi Hadramaut and to become the capital of the territory after the destruction of ancient pre-Islamic capital, Shabwa, in AD 300. Its plan is trapezoidal, almost rectangular; and it is enclosed by earthen walls within which a block of dwellings, also built from earth, have been laid out on an orthogonal grid. The highest house is eleven storeys high and the average is five.

The impressive structures for the most part date from the 16th century, following a devastating flood of which Shibam was the victim in 1532-33. However, some older houses and large buildings still remain from the first centuries of Islam, such as the Friday Mosque, built in 904, and the castle, built in 1220.

In Shibam there are some mosques, two ancient sultan's palaces, a double monumental door and 500 more buildings, separated or grouped, but all made uniform by the material of which they are constructed: unfired clay."

For more information please visit Unesco website here.

Workshops EMBARRO_2014

Workshops Embarro/Casa da Cor em São Brás de Alportel.
Dias 10 e 11 de Outubro - Aplicação de Tadelakt
Dias 17 e 18 de Outubro - Aplicação de Rebocos de Barro.

Para mais informação contactem a Embarro
Tel. +351 289.845.032 Tmvl. +351 918.888.222 mail info@embarro.com
ou visitem o website www.embarro.com

Biblioteca Virtual do Projecto Restapia_Artigos sobre taipa tradicional e restauro de taipa

Nk'Mip Desert Cultural Centre_Rammed earth detail